There is considerable evidence that family psycho-education when combined with pharmacological intervention for patients with schizophrenia increases family understanding of the illness, reduces burden of care& strength coping strategies and in turn enhance quality of their patients‘ life and outcomes. Aim of the study: is to investigate effectiveness of psych education intervention for family caregivers of schizophrenics on their burden and coping process and their patients‘ quality of life Design: An intervention quasi-experimental research design with pre-post assessment was utilized in this study. Setting: the study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of Gamal Abou ElAzayem psychiatric Hospital in 10th of Ramadan city, Egypt. Subjects: 69 schizophrenic patients and their caregivers. Tools: The data were collected using an interview questionnaire forms that included 1) Socio-demographic characteristics for caregivers and their schizophrenic patients, 2) The Caregiver Burden Scale .3) The Coping Process Scale, and 4) The Lehman Quality of Life Interview Scale Results: The results showed that the caregivers of schizophrenic patients suffer considerable burdens with low QOL among their patients. Caregivers' burden and coping are more related to patients' personal and disease characteristics at the pre and post intervention phases. Conclusion: The implementation of the psycho educational intervention was effective in decreasing caregivers' burden, and in improving their problem-focused and emotion-focused coping which led to significant improvements in patients' QOL, Recommendation: The study recommends continuity of such psycho-education intervention on a long term basis to confirm its effectiveness along with providing mental health counselling, and developing support for family caregivers of schizophrenics.

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Journal: Vol 9 , Issue 10 , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING DIDACTICS

A phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Calophyllum canum resulted in the isolation of a new xanthone dimer identified as biscaloxanthone (1), together with four compounds; trapezifoliaxanthone (2), trapezifolixanthone A (3), taraxerone (4) and taraxerol (5). The structures of these compounds were determined via spectroscopic methods of IR, UV, MS and NMR (1D and 2D). The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-3 were screened against A549, MCF-7, C33A and 3T3L1 cell lines, wherein weak cytotoxic activities were observed (IC50 > 50 μm).

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Journal: Z Naturforsch C J Biosci . 2020 Sep 15;/j/znc.ahead-of-print/znc-2020-0089/znc-2020-0089.xml.

Background: Caffeine is the most consumed psychostimulant in the world that is found in numerous foods and drinks with coffee and tea have the highest concentration of caffeine per weight. Caffeine has a number of reported physiological benefits and clinical uses such as coma recovery. Caffeine can prove dangerous and its consumption, the amount in foods and drinks should be closely monitored, by the Food and Drug Administration. Material and Methods: The availability of sensitive, reliable, and simple testing methods with rapid turnover time is essential for testing any laboratories. In this manuscript, we describe the development and validation of a simple, sensitive and economical high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection for the quantification of the amount of caffeine in different beverages. Results: HPLC method was validated and tested to measure caffeine contents in different beverages that showed high precision, reliability, and sensitivity that makes it suitable for routine measurement of caffeine as well as other therapeutic or chemicals in liquid forms. Conclusions: The proposed method recovered caffeine without the need for any extraction step for recovering the caffeine from the formulation excipients matrices, therefore decreased the degree of error, time for estimation of caffeine and the overall cost of the analysis.

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Journal: Electron J Gen Med 2019;16(6):em166

Objective Despite the availability of well characterized and scientifically proven medicines, many people prefer the use of the less known herbal therapies that have no-scientific or evidence-based values as their first line of treatment. While this represents a growing worldwide issue, it is commonly practiced in developing countries including Saudi Arabia. Hence, the aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of herbal medicine use, the most reported side effects and influencing factors in Saudi Arabia. Design A community based cross sectional survey study. Settings Participants were recruited by convenience sampling method from local malls and family recreation sites. Main outcome measures Prevalence of herbal medicine use and the associated risks. Results Out of the 1300 surveyed individuals, 1226 respondents (94 %) used herbal medicines for therapeutic purposes with the majority of the respondents using them based on traditional beliefs 699 (57 %) or family recommendations 417 (34 %). Young respondents <35 year olds who live in urban cities, showed a significantly better knowledge about herbal medicines use and the associated risks than their counterparts (p < 0.001). Despite the high percentage of reported side effects (46 %), more than half of the respondents 702 (54 %) use herbal medicines as their first line of therapy. However, the most reported reasons for the use of herbal medicine are the belief that they are safer, more effective and cheaper to buy than the standard medicines. Conclusion There is a high prevalence use of non-scientifically proven herbal medicine and a low level of knowledge about their risks amongst participants.

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Journal: Complementary Therapies in Medicine Volume 48, January 2020, 102255

Objectives The increasing prevalence of herbal medicine use is a global public health concern. Critically, many women continue to use herbal medicines during pregnancy despite potential maternofetal risks. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with herbal medicine use during pregnancy in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and May 2017. An Arabic-language 33-item survey assessing herbal medicine use was designed and distributed to 879 random women attending outpatient clinics at governmental and private hospitals in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Only women who were pregnant or had been pregnant in the previous 10 years were included. Results The mean age of the participants was 29.5 years, with 49% under 30 years old. Overall, 33% of the respondents claimed to have used herbal medicines during pregnancy. The most common reasons for doing so were to improve lactation (73%), improve the course of the pregnancy (56%) and facilitate labour (49%). Women who worked full-time and those with high school diplomas or above were significantly more likely to use herbal medicines during pregnancy (P <0.001 each). Conclusion To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine the prevalence and associated factors of herbal medicine use during pregnancy in Hail. The results showed a high prevalence of herbal medicine use among pregnant women in the region. Healthcare providers should therefore ensure that patients disclose the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy to avoid treatment complications or adverse herb-drug interactions.

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Journal: Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2020 Feb; 20(1): e71–e76.

Journal: Vol. 14, No. 3; 2020

ABSTRACT It was clearly observed that the temperature in summer period raised every year due to global warming and climate change, this created new problem to keep comfort temperature inside the residential buildings ,which required additional energy to use for mechanical air-conditions and ventilations. External walls in the residential buildings playing major roll to transfer temperature from outside to inside buildings throw building external wall materials. This paper provides overview of insulation materials and used in the external walls to reduce heat flux throw external walls in the summer and loss heat as well in the winter. In the commercial markets there are many of insulation materials where you can confuse to choose the appropriate material for your region and efficiency of materials used in the construction. In this paper we will review construction types of external walls in Jordan and check U- Value, study the climate changes for last five years in Jordan and looking for statistics of energy has been spent , also we will illustrate for basic requirements of evaluation of performance insulation materials, technical requirement and compare it with new proposals. This paper is searching only in the residential sector where the area and size of the buildings are limited.

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Journal: Volume 9, Issue 10(International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Journal: Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Volume 12 Issue 20

Granite Powder (GP) and Iron Powder (IP) are industrial byproducts generated from the granite polishing and milling industry in powder form respectively. These byproducts are left largely unused and are hazardous materials to human health because they are airborne and can be easily inhaled. An experimental investigation has been carried out to explore the possibility of using the granite powder and iron powder as a partial replacement of sand in concrete. Twenty cubes and ten beams of concrete with GP and twenty cubes and ten beams of concrete with IP were prepared and tested. The percentages of GP and IP added to replace sand were 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the sand by weight. It was observed that substitution of 10% of sand by weight with granite powder in concretewas themost effective in increasing the compressive and flexural strength compared to other ratios. The test resulted showed that for 10% ratio of GP in concrete, the increase in the compressive strength was about 30% compared to normal concrete. Similar results were also observed for the flexure. It was also observed that substitution of up to 20% of sand by weight with iron powder in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive and flexural strength of the concrete.

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Journal: Sustainable Materials and Technologies 9 (2016) 1–9

ABSTRACT The influence of temperature, flow velocity, gypsum content, salinity of solvent and hole diameter on the amount and rate of dissolution of gypseous rock samples was investigated. The rock samples were obtained from the proposed Al-Fat’ha dam site located approximately 280km to the north of Baghdad city. The gypsum content for these samples ranged from 16% to 90%. Dissolution tests were carried out with the aid of a special system that was modified and manufactured to allow passing water at different speeds through a drilled hole along the center of the rock samples. The amount of dissolution of gypsum was determined under different conditions. The results showed that the amount and rate of gypsum dissolution increased with increasing the temperature of the test. The effect was more pronounced on rock samples with low gypsum content. Increasing the flow velocity also increases the amount and rate of gypsum dissolution. With this parameter, the effect of gypsum content was marginal. Increasing the salinity of the solvent (using low percentages of NaCl additives) has a great influence on the amount and rate of gypsum dissolution, and further increase in the salinity exhibited a marginal increase in the amount of dissolution when compared with the lower salinity concentration. The Tigris river water (as a natural solvent) exhibited a negligible effect on the amount and rate of gypsum dissolution. Increasing the diameter of the hole along the center of the sample increases the inside area exposed to water and hence generates more dissolution.

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Journal: Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 5, No. 3, 2011