Zn1−xAlxO ceramic samples with various x values (0.00≤x≤0.20) are sintered in air at temperatures of 850 °C for 10 h and then quenched to room temperature. Structural, surface morphology and I–V characteristics of the samples are investigated using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dc electrical measurements. It is found that addition of Al up to 0.05 does not influence the well-known peaks related to wurtzite structure of ZnO ceramics, and other unknown peaks could be formed above 0.05 of Al. The cell parameters of Al-doped samples are a little shorter than the undoped ZnO, and also the shape and size of grains are clearly affected. Average crystalline diameters, deduced from XRD analysis, are between 39.90 and 47.18 nm, which are 25 times lower than those obtained from SEM micrographs. Although breakdown field, nonlinear coefficient and barrier height are …

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Journal: Journal Physica B: Condensed Matter Volume 404 Issue 20 Pages 3519-3524

This work is devoted to investigating the anti-synchronization between two novel different chaotic systems. Two different anti-synchronization methods are proposed. Active control is applied when system parameters are known and adaptive control is employed when system parameters are uncertain or unknown. Controllers and update laws of parameters are designed based on Lyapunov stability theory. In both cases, sufficient conditions for the anti-synchronization are obtained analytically. Finally, a numerical simulations is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed chaos anti-synchronization schemes.

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Journal: Journal Chaos, Solitons & Fractals Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 1926-1932

This paper describes theoretically the radiation properties of four element microstrip antenna array printed upon a typical ferrite substrate Ni1.062Co0.o2Fe1.948O4 in the presence of normal dc magnetic bias field. In loss-less isotropic warm plasma, this array antenna geometry excites both electromagnetic (EM) and electroacoustic plasma (P) waves in addition to nonradiating surface waves. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the EM - mode and P-mode can be decoupled into two independent modes, the electoacoustic mode is longitudinal while the electromagnetic mode is transverse. Far zone electromagnetic mode and plasma mode radiation fields are derived using vector wave function technique and pattern multiplication approaches. The results are obtained in both plasma medium and free space .Some important antenna parameters such as radiation patterns, radiation conductance and directivity are plotted for different values of plasma to source frequency.

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Journal: Journal Brazilian Journal of Physics Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 22-25

Journal: INTERNATIONAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH ISSN: 0975-833X

Electromagnetic wave propagation in a nonuniform, collisional, magnetized plasma slab is investigated within magnetoionic theory. We allow for the presence of an ideal conductor at a distance d from the right transmissive plasma boundary, and derive the reflection, absorption, and transmission coefficients analytically for an arbitrary inhomogeneous plasma density profile. Dividing the inhomogeneous plasma slab into n thin layers allows for treating each layer as a homogeneous plasma and, therefore, the complex index of refraction of the magnetoionic theory is used to express the complex propagation vector of the waves in each layer. Upon matching the fields at all interfaces, a global matrix is formed that allows for the determination of the reflection, absorption, and transmission coefficients analytically. Results show that in the absence of the metallic wall, the reflected signal is a weak peak near ωce, while in …

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Journal: Journal Canadian Journal of Physics Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 241-247

Summary form only given. Thermal effects may be of high degree of importance on electromagnetic wave propagation in the ionosphere as well as in the emerging applications of stealth technology. A further development for the Appleton-Hartree theory may be made by extending the existing theory to include the plasma thermal effects. In this work, we present the derivation of the magneto-ionic dispersion equation and the corresponding index of refraction, propagation constant and reflection coefficients for characterizing wave propagation in warm plasma immersed a uniform magnetic field that could be self generated or externally applied. The obtained expressions extend the well known Appleton-Hartree, magneto-ionic formula of stationary cold plasma to the case of warm plasma. To demonstrate the effects of plasma temperature on wave propagation and attenuation, a numerical example of the developed …

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Journal: Conference 2013 Abstracts IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) Pages 1-1 Publisher IEEE

In this paper, we present the derivation of the magnetoionic dispersion equation and the corresponding index of refraction and propagation constant for characterizing wave propagation in warm plasma immersed in a uniform magnetic field. To demonstrate the effects of plasma temperature on wave propagation and attenuation, a numerical example of the developed theory has been given. It is well known that there are two forward propagating modes of cold plasma: one is weakly attenuated and the other is weakly amplified. By comparing the cold plasma complex propagation constant of the classical Appleton-Hartree theory with the propagation constant obtained for the warm plasma case, we observed that the attenuated mode is thermally enhanced while the amplification of the other mode decreases by increasing the temperature where it becomes damped beyond a certain electron thermal speed.

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Journal: Journal IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Volume 41 Issue 9 Pages 2496-2500

We investigated the effect of inducing deformation in individual boron nitride nanotubes by performing X-ray diffraction (XRD) simulations for different individual boron nitride nanotubes that had different geometries and were subjected to mechanical deformations. We found that the mechanical properties of boron nitride nanotubes depended sensitively on the levels of induced mechanical deformation. As a result of this dependence, mechanical deformations induced in boron nitride nanotubes caused their XRD patterns to change. We compared the XRD patterns of deformed boron nitride nanotubes with those of undeformed boron nitride nanotubes for different torsion angles.

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Journal: Journal Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 1838-1843

The objective of this article is to implement and extend applications of adaptive control to anti-synchronize different fractional order chaotic and hyperchaotic dynamical systems. The sufficient conditions for achieving anti–synchronization are derived by using the Lyapunov stability theory and an analytic expression of the controller with its adaptive laws of parameters is shown. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are shown to verify the results.

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Journal: Journal Open Physics Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 304-313

Journal: Journal World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Mathematical and Computational Sciences Volume 3 Issue 5