There is no doubt that the information revolution that accompanied the emergence of computer and information technology prompted the penal legislator to enact legislation to confront the infringement of property rights to the information and to the outputs of this modern technology, and to close the door against those who try to undermine those rights that were created by this technology. Accordingly, this research was presented to highlight the Jordanian penal legislation related to intellectual property, which provided this protection. This research addressed three topics. The first section defined the meaning of information technology as well as intellectual property legislation. In the second section we presented the extent to which intellectual property legislation provides penal protection for computer programs. Violations of effective technological measures were also reported. We ratiocinate that there was a lack in Jordanian Intellectual Property Legislation in providing protection for information technology; which led to recommending the establishment of necessary penal protection for information technology as well as amending the texts to achieve greater protection, particularly with respect to crimes of infringement of effective technological measures. Keywords: Penal Protection, Information Technology, Intellectual property, Legislation. .

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This study aims to know the extent of the characteristics of ecotourism to Dana Reserve, The study sample included (259) tourists from different nationalities. The study questionnaire covered the following axes: demographic, social and economic characteristics of tourists and the characteristics of the tourist movement, and the opinions and impressions of tourists about the reserve and the tourism services provided to them, The extent of the environmental tourist characteristics applied to the Dana Reserve visitors was measured. The analysis of the data showed that the mental image formed by the tourist is good. As the mean for the paragraph was (4.38), The study recommends the necessity of cooperation between all the relevant sectors to promote the tourism of natural reserves in Jordan, And conducting more specialized studies with the aim of knowing the impact of high prices on environmental tourism in Jordanian reserves. Keywords: Dana Biosphere Reserve, Natural Reserves, Eco-tourism,Tourist tracks. .

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This paper studies the topic of crusades and crusading in Shakespeare's King John, Richard II, 1&2 Henry IV, and Henry V within the medieval religious, political, and historical contexts seen retrospectively from the perspective of the Elizabethan England of Reformation. It surveys and analyzes Shakespeare's revisionist views of that medieval historical phenomenon, and demonstrates that he addresses the main aspects of that issue with some liberty he gathered from the cultural outlook developed after his country had sailed away from medieval ideologies and politics. Shakespeare looks back and evaluates not only the holy wars directed against the Muslims in the Holy Land but also against European countries that disobeyed the decrees of the papacy of Rome. Shakespeare maintains that both internal and external crusades launched against the Muslims in the Near East were devastating to Europe and the Europeans. To explicate his critical views of these campaigns, Shakespeare highlights three points: first, he demonstrates the devastating effects of the crusade against England during the reign of King John; secondly, he displays the ensuing conflicts among European countries that participated in the famous Third Crusade after their return to Europe; and thirdly, he casts doubts about the genuine motives behind launching these campaigns against the East and against the disobedient European countries, thus anticipating modern skepticism about the real drives of the political and religious leaders behind these missions. The current study will address these three issues as expressed in the histories of Shakespeare in the hope to shed further light on the meaning of the plays within their historical contexts and clarify Shakespeare’s view on these popular medieval events. Keywords: The Crusades, Inter-European Crusades, The Pope, Legate of the Pope, King John, The Divine Rights of Kings, Expiation of Sins, Jerusalem, Reformation. .

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The world is currently facing one of the most rapidly spreading pandemics of our time, swift actions by governments in controlling the spread of the virus in their countries is determined by the number of cases recorded. This Global pandemic has moved governments in an uncertain space due to the rapid and almost uncontrollable spread of the virus once it hits a community. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is commended for the quick action taken to control and overcome the spread of the COVID-19 virus within its lands. This article discusses the approach Jordan uses to control the spread of the virus in its lands, some which are commendable by the international community. The study further analysis Jordan’s public policy approach and the citizens reaction to these policies and its direct impact on their daily lives and economy Post-COVID 19. Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic Response in Jordan, Public Policy, Economic Impact. .

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Ever since Austin has developed his famous Speech Act Theory, it has become common knowledge that the pragmatic value of such acts carry a purely cultural nature. It is established that every linguistic system carries a host of cultural and social characteristics that allow the speech acts to deliver diverse pragmatic ends in a given discourse. This study aims to conduct a discursive analysis to discern the way the vowing act is applied in Colloquial Jordanian Arabic. Given that there is a myriad of ways to use these acts, the study is dedicated to address the mode of using the verbs preceded by the word "Allah" (God) whenever the interlocutor would like to make a form of supplication with reference to the addressee. The study emphasizes that vow acts are pragmatically multi-purpose acts as they oscillate between being "re-assuring" speech acts to maintain the interlocutor's status, and "threatening" acts to threaten or demean the other. Keywords: Vow acts, Politeness forms, Collective Identity, Pragmatics, Colloquial Jordanian Arabic. .

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