This study aims to investigate the narrative elements and their harmony in poetic discourse, monitors the features of the story's manifestations in Madih Al-Thil Al-‘Ali (Praise of High Shadow), the story of the poet, the incidents, until reaching the first image of the narrative construction in poetry. The study does not seek to prove the story’s integrative structure with its elements in poetry; therefore, Darwish resorts to employ narrative techniques represented in time, place, characters, and dialogues to establish elements of cohesion and interaction with events to complement the elements of his poetic story. The study aims at investigating the techniques of verifying narrative story through the following aspects: 1. Time and place. 2. Characters - hero. 3. Internal and external dialogue. Keywords: Narration, Textual Cohesion, Arab Modern Poetry, Madih Al-Thil Al-‘Ali, Mahmoud Darwish. .

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It has become an art that has the right to claim its position in the classification charter, which can’t be combined with life without narratives, as any art that has its own constitutive conditions and its monetary merit... It is the art of the short-short story. In the quest for dealing with some of the secrets of this art, the paper will try to dialogue with the group: After the Wreck of the Bus that was issued in 2002 for Saud Qabilat, a group that can be sacrificed at the local level this leadership if we assume in the concept of leadership include the two elements of the technical level and the previous Temporal, It is difficult that it was not impossible to cut the primacy of this work in the early efforts of at least any literary genre. And I will try as much as possible to address the stories of this group text impact to explore the components based on the five components of man, time, place, language fabric formations, and then the data of these formations and their structural and semantic ramifications in addition to the space of the text of the interpretation and the explanatory bid allows us to represent the technical experience and assimilation of the implications and represent Aesthetics. At the end of the study, I will attempt to conclude a series of common phenomena that may provide a basis for drawing conclusions and detailed data. Keywords: short-short story, narrative spot, textual interfrence, unity of impretion, existentialism. .

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There is no doubt that the key to any text is its title, and the title is the compressed text that speaks for the entire text, and sometimes the title is synonymous with the text. The title can only be a sign if the text touches on its most important citizen and its deep, basic and sub-connotations. From this vision, this research studies the titles in the collection of poems entitled “zenjabil” (ginger) by the Algerian poet “Othmane Loucif” to show the relationship between the title of poems and the extent to which the poet succeeded in choosing the title file to reveal the secret of his sign name and the degree of his association with the recipient's self in the cultural context of contemporary man. The poet chose “zenjabil” as a flashing sign that enticed the recipient from the first meeting with the collection of pems opening a space of comfort and fragrance between the images and the imaginations that are harmoniously matched with the stinging breaths of “zenjabil”. In the poems, there is a rely upon the most iconic sign, indicating the presence of “zenjabil” (ginger) among the collection of poems namely "blending" the basis for the smell of “zenjabil” (ginger) is to mix it with other tastes and good smells. Therefore, the basis of beauty in life is the blending of colors, wind and human natures. Keywords: Title, touches, thresholds, icon, zenjabil. .

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This Research addresses The Manifestations of The Rhetorical Image in Models of alKumait’s Poetry in its Various forms; Comparison, Metaphor, Periphrasis, Linguistic Imagery, Mental Imagery, Figuration, and Symbol. The Researcher Tries to Trace Its Many Resources, from the Vital and The Silent Nature, or from the Human Resource; Social, Historical, Heritage or Others, Which reflects the Poet’s and his the sophistication of his distinctive poetry. With Attention to Its Main Types, Singular and Complex, and the Impact in the formation of Literary Language the Ability to Express Meanings, and Address the Desired Topics, Which Impact of the Harmony of the poetic Text. Keywords: Rhetorical Image, Umayyad Poetry, Metaphor, Simile. .

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This study aims to reveal the secrets of the interconnectedness between the Quranic structures in Surat Al-Mu'minun which is one of the Meccan fence that deals with the origins of religion from unification, mission and resurrection. It was named by this name as a tribute to commemorate the believers, their virtues and their sacrifice through which they won the highest paradise. Aalkonah of the creation of heaven, and take down the water, and the germination of planting and harvesting fruits, astronomy, and cattle, all geared to man. This study reaches the conclusion that the interdependence of divine meanings within the structures of Surat Al-Mu'minun or between them is closely related to the reflective systemic interconnection to reflect the meanings of grammar, its provisions, laws and distinctions between the meanings of speech. The study also shows that the addition of Qur'anic vocabulary to one another within a single structure, then the structures being suspended by one another through grammatical relationships is the result of that close interconnection that makes it a single unit that springs from the meanings of cohesion, overlap, and harmony. Keywords: Al-Mu'minoon, Quranic structures, interconnectedness, secrets. .

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of estimation methods (maximum likelihood, Beyes estimation, Proxy method) at different sample sizes (2000, 1500, 1000, 500) on the estimation of Item parameters and Ability Parameter and their accuracy in the light of the item response theory (Rush model). To achieve the objectives of the study, a random sample of (2000) responses were generated on (40) single-response (0 or1) using Wingen software with difficulty and standard normal distribution, and then verified the assumptions of item response theory (Unidimensionalty, local independence, item characteristic curve) and to check the suitability of items for the Rush model, As a result, we got (31) items fits for the Rush model. The results showed that: 1. There are no statistically significant differences in the estimation of the item parameter of the Rush model (difficult) and Ability Parameter attributable to the sample size factor and the method of estimation and interaction between them. 2. There are statistically significant differences in the accuracy of estimating the item parameters (difficult) due to the factor of sample size and the method of estimation and interaction between them. 3. There are statistically significant differences in the accuracy of estimating the parameters of individuals (power) attributable to the sample size factor and the method of estimation and their interaction. 4. The accuracy of the item parameter (difficult) and the accuracy of the ability parameter factor is more accurate as the sample size increases. 5. There are no statistically significant differences between the maximum odds method and the Bayes method on the one hand and the Bayes method and Proxy method on the other. 6. There are statistically significant differences in the accuracy of estimating the ability of individuals between the three methods. Keywords: Sample Size, Estimation Method, Estimation Accuracy, Rush Model. .

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This study aimed to evaluate the educational qualification diploma program in the light of the national academic standards at Palestine Technical University from the students\' point of view. The study sample consists of all students enrolled and graduated from the program, who numbered (108), of whom (15) were enrolled in the program and (93) graduated from the program. The researcher followed the survey and descriptive approach. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher prepared a questionnaire that consisted of 24 paragraphs. In light of the results of the study, the researcher recommends the following: 1. Urging the Ministry of Education to pay attention to the educational qualification diploma program because it is a tool that provides teachers with many educational skills and sufficiency that help them in the educational process. 2. Preparing similar studies to get acquainted with the evaluation of the educational qualification diploma program in the light of the national academic standards at Palestine Technical University. 3. The necessity of educating teachers on the importance of the educational qualification diploma program. Keywords: Assessment, Qualification Diploma, Academic Standards, Students, Palestine. .

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The study aimed to identify the role of kindergarten in the education and learning of pre-school child in Palestine from the point of view of kindergarten principals and teachers. The field descriptive approach was adopted. The survey sample was composed of all the principals and teachers of kindergartens in the governorate of Salfit. The number of them was (131) principals and teachers, and the questionnaire was adopted as a tool for study. The Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to process data statistically. The results of the study showed that the degree of the effect of the kindergarten role on the education and learning of pre-school child in Palestine from the point of view of the principals and teachers of kindergartens in Salfit governorate was "medium", with an average of (3.22). There were no statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in the kindergarten role in teaching and learning a pre-school child according to the variable nature of work. Also, there were statistically significant differences at the level (α ≤ 0.05) in the kindergarten role in teaching and learning a Pre-school child according to the variable of scientific qualification and years of experience. The most important recommendations of the study: 1. Kindergarten should be a preparation for school education and not a school, and it must give the child the freedom to play, activity and entertainment. 2. Preparation of full-time preschool teachers specialized in the education and teaching of pre-school children in view of the importance of this stage. Keywords: kindergarten Child, education, teaching, learning, kindergarten. .

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The research focused on the effectiveness of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) within four chapters. The first chapter explained the history behind the creation of the UPR, the UPR process, the role of Un Human Rights Council in the process, UPR procedures and how it is implemented. The second chapter discussed the challenges that the UPR process is facing, states’ interaction with this new mechanism and how the UN Human Rights Council reacted and dealt with states that did not cooperate with UPR procedures. The third chapter explained the legal nature of UPR recommendations. Various opinions were analyzed and discussed to reach a conclusion that these recommendations are in fact obligatory to states based on treaties ratified or unilateral well. But the way recommendations are drafted, the role of political considerations and lack of effective measures in case of non-cooperation lead to weaken this mechanism. The final chapter shed the light on the position of Jordan and its reaction with UPR recommendations. It was noticed that Jordan showed great respect to these recommendations when compared with other international human rights protection mechanisms like treaty bodies recommendations included in their concluding observations. Furthermore, Jordan demonstrated high acceptance and implementation rates of UPR recommendations, and this have led to improvements of the human rights situation on the ground. Finally, several recommendations were suggested to enhance the UPR process on the both the international and national levels. Keywords: Universal Periodic Review, UN Human Rights Council, International Protection, Jordan. .

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Studies that are concerned with the efforts of former scholars, foremost among them the companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, are among the most important studies that we need in the modern era, because they are considered among the interstate studies that combine more than one science. Explanatory studies, decadal studies, and modern studies.This study deals with a serious issue, namely, defending the Holy Quran by defending one of the two pillars of science in the era of the first generation, the great companion Abdullah bin Masood. He aims to explain his efforts and study the most famous narrations mentioned in the books of the Qur'an. Raised around these aerosols. The researchers used the two methods: inductive and analytical, The study concluded that Ibn Mas'ud was one of the most Sahaabah who took care of the Book of Allaah to preserve, read and defend it. The study also showed that the readings in which the great Companions Ibn Mas'ud was accused were either repeated readings or abnormal readings that did not prove to him, It was like what the Companions wrote to their interlocutors, which is an explanation. The study recommends conducting objective studies to survey the contents of all the companions in the sciences of the Qur'an and to prevent suspicion. Keywords: Views, Abdullah bin Masood, suspicions, criticism. .

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