Abstract This study aims at clarifying chiasmus phenomenon in Arabic. It contains two main parts. The first part, which based on a theoretical questions, deals with the terminology of chiamus in Arabic linguistic studies old and modem, and it investigates the phenomenon structure through out reviewing its textual evidences, that adapted and studied by Arab linguists, and referring to its examples that are realized and used in Arabic. The second part, which is applied, explores the importance of chiasmus in textual structure of Arabic, through analyzing Al Kafirun sura (= chapter 109 of Koran). The study shows, following a descriptive method, within tactics, as it, mostly, reflects a systematic, a cohesive, and a metrical pat-terns of text formation. .

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Abstract We take the sentence for one unit doubly structured, which result from the combination of tow structures, a syntactic structure made of related elements to give the final sentence form, and an informative structure which organize the information transmitting by the sentence; both structures are interfering without be identical; the sentence can not be understanding without those structures. We will try to identify each of the two structures from its proper terms and according to precise criterions. .

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Abstract The aim of this research is to formulate least cost rations for white eggs layers by linear programming with ingredients available in the Iraqi local markets to reduce the cost of feeding. The ingredients were corn (local or hybrid),wheat(first or second class), barley, soybean meal less or more than 44% crude protein), wheat bran, protein concentrate, limestone,salt, dicalcium phosphate, vitamins & minerals premix, soybean oil. The results showed that the optimum rations were (254.52) (214.67) (193.04) (221.69) (338.08) (272.05) (253.18) Iraqi Dinar/kg during the age periods (0-6) (6-12) (12-18) weeks, (18 week - start of production production period when feed consumption is 80,100,120 gm/day) respectively, to meet the requirements of birds for metabolizable energy ,crude protein, lysine, methionine, methionine and cystine, calcium, available phosphorus, linoleic acid, crude fibre, and the use of wheat as energy source was more effective than corn so it is not used in most of rations, and the cost of rations was increased when protein requirement increased. .

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Abstract This research is concerned in studying the physical properties of water and surface waves of the Mediterranean Sea at the Syrian coast, along the High Institute for Marine Research (HIMR), (north of Lattakia). This field of study includes direct measurements of salinity, sea surface temperature (SST), the height of waves and its role in the surrounding of a study station built for this purpose in the position (N 35035'51, E 35044'49) located by GPS. Beside that we recorded the air temperature and the wind speed, above the mentioned station. These studies were done in the period of October 2000 till September 2003. From these we deduced the monthly rate for each parameter. These studies shows that the SST ranges between 15-30C30 while the salinity fluctuates between 36-39%. The wave heights which can be used to generate electric energy were re-corded in January and February. Also, we found that there is a proportional relation between the wind speed and the wave height in the study area . .

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Abstract This study aimed at assessing the efficiency of the partial Credit Model, in Calibration of polytomous items For the purposes of the study ,an achievement test in chemistry for the seconnd secondary class was prepared. The test consisted of 20 polytomous items which differed in the number of steps in each item. The test was administered to a sample of 771 male and female students. Mor specifically, the follwing findings were of particular importance: 1. Item difficulty increased as the number of the item steps increased. 2. There were no statistically significant differences in estimates of a sample of 11 items selected from the test when calibrated in four different groups of student. 3. There were statistically significant differences in estimated ability between the random, the high ability and the low ability groups, based on a sample of difficulty items and a sample of easy items. 4. The relative efficiency of the test increased in general when the number of the item steps increased 5. The relative efficiency of the difficult test compared to the total test was equal to one in the high ability group. However, the relative efficiency of the easy test compared to the total test in-creased in the low ability group. Based on the findings of the study, a number of recommendations were proposed. .

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