Abstract Sense of numerical is the important part of mathematics which focuses on the numerical and aims to develop public awareness of the number and processes it, and realize the size of the number and compared numbers with another one, and flexibility in the development of multiple strategies for mental calculation and estimate approximate, and the selection mark numerical characteristics, all that appears in the student performance through the active environment and the structure of sports are interlinked between the calculation methods different, as well as communication between school mathematics and life situations, in recent years the concept of sense of numerical has increased interest in the past (1989, 1991, 1996) announced that the National Committee for Teachers of Mathematics America "NCTM" for the adoption of common numerical theme in the formal curriculum and evaluation standards in the Mathematical Standards book under the following headings: Standard No. 5: The relationship between numbers and the sense of numerical and standard No. 7: The account and appreciation It was found that the development of numerical sense in children comes through social Interaction with adults and other children during play activities and interactions that occur in the formal school. From here came the idea of the study in the development of numerical sense skills to the children first grade through the use of educational games. The study attempted to answer the following questions: 1 - What is the impact of the use of educational games in the development of skill and understanding of the meaning and the size of the numbers for the children of first primary grade? 2 - What is the impact the use of educational games in the development of skill of understanding the meaning and impact calculations for the children of first primary grade? 3. What is the impact the use of educational games in the development of skill to realize the Impact calculations and use them in life situations for the children of first primary grade? To answer the study questions and the achievement of its objectives was to prepare the following tools: 1 - Teacher's Guide 2- Test of the skill of understanding the meaning and the size of numbers. 3- Test of the skill of understanding the meaning and impact calculations 4-Test of the skill to realize the impact calculations and use them in life situations After Tools of the study was Setup. were followed the following steps: • Choose a Study Group. Students from first primary grade from the university elementary school, in the academic year 2011/2012 the first semester, and divided into two groups, the first control and second experimental who has studied the use of educational games. • Teaching for the two study groups. • Application of the dimensional numerical tests skills common to the two study groups Monitoring and analyzing the results and interpretation. The study found an improvement in the understanding of students of the experimental group that used educational games are clearly more of the students of the control group and in the meaning and the size of the numbers and understand the meaning and impact calculations, and more clearly the results of the test the skill to realize the impact calculations and use them in life situations, they came results statistically significant in favor of the experimental group in the application dimensional in the three tests (meaning the size of the numbers and understand the meaning and impact calculations, situations) and the total test overall representative of the common numerical sense skills appropriate for students in first primary grade. Also it shown the high size of the impact when calculated for the three tests and the total of the test as a whole, but it was the most Macon to the test of the meaning and the size of the numbers and understand then to skill to realize the impact calculations and use them in life situations test, finally, to the test of the meaning and impact calculations on numbers. .

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Abstract There is this research on the relationship between the culture of the Arab family from the repercussions of globalization and its mechanisms of renewable and children's rights, based on field trial on a sample of urban households in four selected communities are Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Libya and Palestine, each of which its specificity compared influenced by globalization also differ in their determinants of building that control the exercise of the rights of the child. The research consists of four main points, first the basic features of the search, the second theoretical framework for research, the third action research methodology, the latest research results and recommendations. The research sample consisted of 1200 individual research are equally distributed on the communities of interest, and made the process of collecting data through interview form included 80 questions reflect the entrance of a multi-dimensional children's rights. The research found many of the results including: - That the culture of the Arab family towards the child oscillating between distorted and modernization of traditional and not of modernity) is completed. - That the Arab child is still suffering from the absence of social rights Pmaho Kalandemaj compared with a group peers, and not to accompany him to his parents a lot out of the house. . Lack of freedom of expression and the development of his ability to creativity and imagination your childhood, and even subjected to physical punishment, psychological and economic argument away from the reward and punishment - Failure to possess the necessary education and media to interact with the spirit of the age in which they live • Meet the relative health of his rights either to economic factors such as poverty or cultural function on the modernization of distorted. . Suffering from cases of family disintegration and expulsion for potential fights within the family. • Taken as a means of possible economic disputes between the parents. - That the Arab family lacks the necessary legal awareness for the exercise of the rights of the child and are based instead on the customs and traditions and custom. Accordingly been diagnosed with a number of recommendations that provide for the family and the community to exercise the rights of the child as a human and legal reversed. .

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Abstract: Based on Ministerial Decree No. (94) on 28/4/2009, promulgated for merging children with minor disabilities in ordinary kindergartens, and the presence of merged children in kindergartens, and finding out the extent to which the teachers provide righteous practices for these merged children, the study aimed at getting acquainted with the Convention of the Rights of Child with Special Needs, to educate teachers on the instruction of children with special needs to know what are their rights, duties and responsibilities, through the preparation of an educational manual to prepare the teachers for training of the children with special needs to exercise their rights, and in order to achieve the objective, and to answer questions of the study, through the field study and linking between the theoretical and practical aspects, and in light of this, the following tools were used: 1. Poll form to preview the teacher’s opinions on the subject of merged child rights. 2. Questionnaire for the teachers on the application of some educational practices with the merged children in kindergarten 3. Educational guide for preparing the teachers for training merged children with special needs to exercise their rights. 4. A training program for teachers to use the educational guide and application of some rights practices by children with special needs. The study followed the experimental method, where the teachers questionnaire has been implemented to prepare them for the training children with special needs merged in the kindergarten to exercise their rights, and the sample of kindergarten specialized teachers working in the kindergarten implementing the merging system, of the number (60) teachers, divided into two groups (experimental and control), and each group consists of (30) teachers. Statistical transactions were applied to reach the following results: 1. The study showed that the reality of dealing with children with special needs when merged, are affected with the extent of teacher’s awareness of the importance of merging the children with minor disabilities and exercising their rights. 2. It was clear the extent of attention the teachers’ pays to how to satisfy the special needs of the child during the merge. 3. The study showed that preparing the teachers with special needs on how to prepare programs and activities instructional practices) provided for children with special needs contribute to strengthen the rights of children with special needs. 4. Lack of material and human resources available when merging children with special needs, indicating the teacher need to the availability of health services and a psychological and social specialist in the kindergarten, as well as the availability of some of the techniques and audio-visual aids. 5. The guide and program facilitate for the teachers to develop educational activities provided for the merged child inclusive of some rights practices. 6. The manual helped the teachers to recording the results through the design of records by noting the information and practices on the development and growth of the child with special needs during the implementation phases of the merging program. In light of these results the researcher recommends the following: 1. To start the merge from the beginning of kindergarten and the application of human rights practices. 2. To Prepare training courses taking place centered on the most important ways of dealing with children with special needs Before and during the special service for kindergarten teachers. 3. To modify the teacher and normal children attitudes towards children with special needs. 4. Taking into account the teacher capacities when determining the functions of participation in the merging program instead of considering it as a duty imposed on them. .

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The research aims at investigating the status que of children's teaching and learning strategies in kindergartens to improve their future qualifications. It also attempts to provide recommendations and suggestions to the requirements of improving children's future qualifications. The researcher follows a descriptive and analytical methodology to investigate and analyze data. She uses the following instruments: content analysis, questionnaire, parents' surveys. These instruments are deployed to achieve the research objectives; to check teachers' commitment to teaching and learning strategies; to improve the performance of kindergartens, and to provide children future preparation requirements. Furthermore, both authenticity and consistency are validated through the genuineness of content. Reanalysis is also conducted by researchers and a questionnaire committee of kindergarten specialists. The researcher uses the arithmetic mean to calculate the percentage of questionnaire responses and parents' surveys. Then she orders the results descending. The results show that there is a rise in the percentage of those who answered with a "yes," where it ranges between 98% and 74%. These percentages point out that most teachers carry out such methods used in kindergartens as games, stories, synthetic models and practices that develop children's patriotic, national, social, cultural and ethical responsibilities. Parents' survey also demonstrates the fulfillment of integration between kindergartens and homes to better the children's growth and care. This comes as a result of kindergartens' application of qualitative approach; best seen in the recruiting of qualified teachers on the one hand, and well implemented teaching and learning strategies on the other hand. Most notable recommendations and suggestions are: providing kindergartens with a variety of modern means such as up-to-date laboratories for practical specialties, workshops and playgrounds so that children may be able to sort out their interests and connect them with their future life. Moreover, forums and lectures are to be held for kindergarten teachers using visual and audible presentations to help them recognize modern teaching and learning methods. Besides, recruitinent criteria are to be improved so as to include job enthusiasm and children's interactive behavior. Also, the need to set measures to assess children's skills after each activity to assure future interests and needs. Again, family participation in kindergarten activities is essential to assure children's growth in all fields. Finally, the researcher suggests to conduct a research that tackles teachers' satisfaction with children's teaching and learning strategies in kindergartens. .

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Abstract This research aims to shed light on the challenges of globalization, which Impede the Arab child's upbringing, and on how to face them, especially the exclusion of the Arabic language and the dominance of foreign languages in the new globalization and its ability to absorb modern civilization. The research also aims to show the way of facing these challenges and the contribution of kindergarten teachers in the promotion the Arabic language in kindergarten children. The researcher reviewed a number of previous studies in the context of globalization and its challenges to exclude the Arabic language, and then he prepared a particular questionnaire to identify the extent to which kindergarten teachers can contribute the promotion of Arabic language in kindergarten children. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample consist of (120) kindergarten teachers from Damascus governorate. It was selected randomly to be a representative sample of the research community numbered as (267) kindergarten teachers, with a rate of (44.9%), appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze and process the data, to reach to the following results: - The degree of kindergarten teacher’s contribution in the promotion of Arabic language in kindergarten children were very large with an average of arithmetic mean (4.37) out of (5). statistically significant differences were found at the level of (0.05) among the mean scores of the sample's individuals regarding to the extent of the kindergarten's teacher’s contribution in the promotion of the Arabic language in kindergarten children depending on the service's years and for the benefit of its service from 5 to 10 years." The research confirms on the importance of the original Arabic civilization, and called to face its various challenges, strengthen national belonging for the Arab children through a number of recommendations including: - Rejection of foreign cultural domination through promoting Arab cultural identity, supporting the Arabic language, strengthen its position and stimulate national development. - Development of educational curricula and up-to the data of modem global civilization. - Preparing and training the teachers to meet the ongoing challenges in its various forms, enhancing Arab values and the democratic spirit in students and teachers’ souls to be reflected in their daily lives; to achieve the supreme goals of Arab Education. .

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Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate thinking levels among first elementary grade female students at Al Turaif Governorate-KSA in light of some variables. The Sample of the study consisted of (100) first elementary grade female students at Al Turaif Governorate- KSA. To achieve the aim of the study, a questionnaire consisting of (4) domains fluency, inference, classification, prediction) was administrated to the sample. Validity and reliability for the instrument were established using the appropriate statistical procedures. Results of the study indicated that inference ranked first, then classification, prediction, fluency, were second, third and fourth respectively. Significant difference at a 0.05) were found between high family income backgrounds (more than 10000 SR) and middle class family background (5000 SR or less).. in favor of high-income family backgrounds in fluency, and prediction and whole instrument scores. Significant difference at (a=0.05) were found due to enrollment in kindergarten in fluency and classification, in favor of those enrolled in kindergarten. No significant difference at (-0.05) were found due to father's educational background and mother's work. Key words: Thinking levels, First elementary female students. .

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Abstract Globalization has become the most widespread concept in the world and in all areas of life, but globalization has a lot of both positive and negative effects on the Arab world, especially in Palestine, in which life privacy and nature of the political, economic and social condition. Globalization has many effects on the Palestinian society such as the effect of socialization breeding processes by the families to their children. So this study aims to shed light on the concept of Globalization and the role of the Palestinian families in the socialization breeding processes and then to identify the effects which Globalization has on the processes of socialization breeding The researcher used the Content Analysis Method, because it is very suitable for this study in terms of its elements and to achieve its goals and learn the methods used by the families to face the challenges of Globalization related to socialization, and so the researcher achieves the following results: 1- The Palestinian child needs to move from traditional pattern to extensive developmental pattern (heterosexual) that comes through a shift in the culture of educational community. 2. He needs a strategy consisting of three interrelated steps which are: • Build value and moral based on dialogue and interaction and we participants in this world. • Scientific and technological excellence which need serious consideration to nature of education. Preservation of identity and authenticity with the acceptance of all types of pluralism and to become international According to the results that the researcher achieves, she puts forward several recommendations including: 1 - provide guidance programs to the families in order to equip traditions of Palestinian society to guide them to the methods that used in educating young people. 2 - create a strong relation between all members of the families, to be able to face the challenges globalization 3 - Follow-up the joining of their children in institutions that contribute in socialization process and to be occasionally controlled by assessment of the family. .

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Abstract: Institute of Teachers / Department of Science/ Baghdad The study aimed to identify indicators the relationship between globalization and children's rights education and health from the perspective of teachers of kindergarten and primary school in the light of some of the variables through a field study in Baghdad. To achieve this study sought to answer the following questions: Q1/ What is the awareness of teachers of kindergarten and primary school to globalization and its dimensions: (educational, psychological, social, and economic) in Baghdad? Q2/Does the extent of awareness of teachers of kindergarten and primary school to globalization and its dimensions (ex theological, social, and economic) in Baghdad, according to the variable: economic qualification, teaching experience? Q3/ What is the awareness of teachers of kindergarten and primary school children's rights education and health in Baghdad? Q4/Does the extent of awareness of teachers of kindergarten and primary school children's rights education and health in Baghdad, according to the variables: gender, academic qualification, teaching experience? Q5/Is there a correlation between globalization and children's rights education and health from the perspective of teachers of kindergarten and primary school in Baghdad? In order to answer questions from the study were selected a sample of (312) teachers, by (169) teachers and (143) parameter, divided into (8) kindergartens and (13) primary schools, of the Directorates General of the primary government in Baghdad governorate, for the year school (2009-2010). And requests the goal of the study preparation tools, represented the first identification of the dimensions of globalization (educational, psychological, social, and economic), and resolution II expressed the rights of the child education and health, To ensure the authenticity of instruments were presented to a panel of experts, as it adopted the percentage of agreement (85%) and more from expert opinion to accept the paragraphs of the tools, the use of the correlation coefficient to find stability, reaching a high percentage. The study reached the following results: the level of awareness of teachers of kindergartens and primary concepts of globalization (educational, psychological, social, and economic) and children's rights education and health to varying degrees, and that there is correlation between the concepts of globalization, educational, psychological, social and economic rights of the child education and health. .

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ABSTRACT We have defined the non-abelian pure gauge theory SU (2) on a torus. Fourier modes are discrete throughout this definition. For enough small size, we have treated the non-glue ball modes as a perturbation of zero modes. Infra-red singularity is not appearing throughout the discrete momentums. The temperature depending contributions of the effective potential of the non-abelian glue ball gauge fields are continuously calculated by us, for the first time on an asymmetric torus, till the fourth grade of gauge fields. So, L is the length of the torus in space direction and is the length in time direction (the inverse of temperature). The Phase transition is indicated by the coefficient instead of the coupling constant g Key words: - Real time in non-equilibrium - Phase transition to quark-gluon-plasma - Non-equilibrium in the quantum field theory .

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Abstract The present research-paper deals with isolation in Emily Dickinson's poetry, which is a reflection of the actual isolation that marked her life. Whether this isolation is due to her being single (spinster), or a deliberate choice to protect herself from the outside world, it is intended as a way to escape the social obligations and take the privilege that permits her time and space to write, to liberate her mind and creativity, and to achieve the supremacy of the individual soul. Known for her originality, Emily Dickinson is a highly regarded 19th century poet although she gained much popularity after her death. Having lived a «hermetic life'>> she remains an enigma which befits a person who produced such great works. Her choice of isolating herself from the rest of the world made her quite singular. It is an aspect that most critics and scholars take into consideration when analyzing her work. There are traces of isolation that can be noted in her poems. The effects of having been isolated from the world are likewise evident that contributed to her being one of America's well-admired poets who made a mark in American literature. Those traces may be found along with her defiance to conform to the norms and dictates of society. Moreover, isolation gave her the freedom to write uninhibitedly; this made her work rather interesting, driving scholars and readers to try to dig deeper into the psyche of this enigmatic poet. .

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