The study aimed at identifying the availability level of the transformational leadership traits in‏ ‎the Libyan secondary schools managers (Male Schools), in the city of Derna, through the‏ ‎following features: (Attraction and influence, motivation and inspiration, intellectual‏ ‎stimulation, and individual attention) from the teachers point of view. The study also aimed at‏ ‎identifying the level of Innovation abilities of teachers under study, through the following‏ ‎dimensions: (originality, fluency, flexibility, risk analysis capability, sensitivity to problems,‏ ‎going out of the ordinary) , besides, identifying the relationship nature of the influence of the‏ ‎transformational leadership traits on these Innovation abilities. And to achieve the desired‏ ‎objectives, the study applied the descriptive analytical method. Therefore, the researcher has‏ ‎developed a questionnaire based on some previous studies, which they were sure of their‏ ‎credibility and reliability. The individuals who took the questinnair were a group of teachers‏ ‎at the Libyan secondary schools (males), in the city of Derna. They were about (337) teachers.‏ ‎We relied on the Krejcie and Morgar table (1970) to determine the size of the sample, which were specified as (181) forms. They were randomly and stratified selected, and after the distribution of the questionnaire, (151) form were retrieved as valid for statistical analysis. In analysing the study data, statistical computer program services were used through the software contained in (SPSS) According to the Arithmetic Mean , Standard Deviation , One- Sample T Test and Person's Correlation — Coefficient. The results found were summarised as follows: Firstly, the study revealed that the overall level of the availability of transformational leadership traits collectively was average. Secondly, the study demonstrated that the availability level of attraction and influence, and motivation and inspiration characteristics were high. Thirdly, it showed that the motivation and inspiration traits are the top features of the transformational leadership readily available. Fourthly, the study revealed that the availability level of the traits of intellectual stimulation and individual attention was average. Fifthly, the study concluded that the general level of the Innovation abilities of school teachers under study was average, the study showed that there is an average level of the dimensions of creativity of the following features: (Originality, flexibility, risk tolerance, out of the ordinary, and sensitivity to problems), while showed that the level of the dimensions (fluency, and the ability to analyze) was high, the study showed the presence of a statistically significant relationship between the traits of transformational leadership and the level of Innovation abilities at the significance of (1%), Finally, the study provided a set of recommendations which will hopefully leads to improve the level of Innovation abilities, and strengthen the availability of transformational leadership traits in the Libyan schools administrators. Keywords: Transformational Leadership , Innovation abilities, Secondary Schools , Libya .

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This study aimed to know to what extent the basic sage (1-4) female teachers at the governmental schools of Jerusalem suburbs directorate of Education have educational competencies form their point of view, in the light of the variables ( educational qualification, years of experience, specialty). To achieve this aim , a categorical random sample consisting of (116) female teachers working in (20) governmental school! in Jerusalem Governorate and suburbs. The researcher designed a questionnaire which included (32( educational competencies to measure to what extent the female teachers have such competencies. The results of this study showed that the most Significant educational competencies which the female teachers have are represented in exploiting the time of the class effectively, using the teaching method appropriate to the educational attitude and forming questions clearly, and attracting the students attention continuously " the study also showed statistical indicative differences at the level of the function (0.05=) at the grade of having educational competencies by the female teachers attributed to the variable of the years of experience in favor of the female teachers whose experience is more than (7( years, but this study does not show statistical indicative differences at the level of function (0.05=) at the grade of having educational competencies by the .

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The present study aims to compare between traditional and non traditional school. The main questions of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) What are the traits of the traditional school in comparison with the non traditional school? 2) What are the basic traits of the traditional school and non traditional school in terms of curriculum, teacher, learner and school administration? The study has shown the weak points of the traditional school and the reasons and aspirations for adopting the non traditional school. The study also displayed the experience of the advanced systems in establishing sophisticated schools which are appropriate with the era of the twenty- first century such as the Finish Schools and the Malaysian schools. The study also has explored the criteria of a traditional school which can be summarized in 88 traits all of them have not been achieved. Therefore people are not satisfied with this type of schools. The present study has also reached to some traits which must appear in the non traditional school 24 of these traits must be demonstrated in school administration, 21 traits have to do with teachers, 15 traits have to do with learners and 12 traits need to appear in the curriculum of the non traditional school. The study has also reached to a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions. .

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This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the non-classroom activities and‏ ‎homework that assigned to sixth grades students in Mathematics according to the‏ ‎mathematical knowledge as well as bloom taxonomy from the second degree‏ ‎(knowledge, comprehension, implication and met—understanding). The sample of the‏ ‎study consisted of (138) books of sixth grades in Alkoura at Irbed governorate for‏ ‎first semester of academic year 2012-2013. the instrument of the study was‏ ‎checked for validity and reliability by using holsti equation. The reliability of the‏ ‎analysis also checked by reanalyze the analysis after two weeks fro the first analysis.‏ ‎The value of the reliability concerning the mathematical knowledge is (.94(.‏ ‎Moreover, the value of the reliability based on the bloom taxonomy levels is (.89(.‏ The results of the study showed that the homework and non-classroom activities that focused on generalization and skills obtained highest percentage with (77.77%). While the homework that focused on the problem Solving get lowest percentage with (7.40%). On the other hand, the homework that encouraged the lower level of thinking (cognitive objectives in bloom taxonomy) obtained highest percentage with (86.89) while the homework neglected the higher level of thinking. In light of the results, the study recommended that the students should refer to the various resources of knowledge as well as the teachers should pay more attention to individuals differences. (keywords: Content analysis, Evaluation, Homework, Non-classroom activities) .

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The purpose of this studly is to introduce the extent of school achievement tests prepared by male and female teachers of Jarash Directorate with valid standard test. Also, the study aimed at the importance ratio of types of questions in the test prepared by teachers. ‎The study was implemented ona sample consisted of 116 Achievement tests at the end of 2nd Semester of the academic year 2012-2013 on the subjects of science, physics, chemistry. biology and geology where 57 tests were prepared by male teachers and 59 tests by female teachers . ‎The study based on a questionnaire to collect data and was checked of their coefficient reliability (0.87) .The study answered its questions using average account, standard deviation and ratios. ‎Also, the study used some other statistics such as T test to uncover the differences in test papers according to the sex of the person prepared them and comparing the relative weight of the questions included in the tests . ‎The study concluded, That the tests prepared by male teachers are consistent with the standards of valid tests approaching 70% There are differences which have statistic indication ( a= 0.05) among male and female teachers In the favor of female teachers. The study recommended to hold workshops for both male and female teachers to build up achievement tests . .

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The objective of this study is to identify the physical condition of the basic‏ ‎education level classrooms. The basic education level includes the elementary‏ ‎and the preparatory or middle school. This Study found that the shape and the‏ ‎size of the classrooms are suitable for leaming. However the classrooms are‏ ‎not ready for using certain educational tools and means that are necessary for‏ ‎the learning and teaching processes. The floors of the Classrooms are made of‏ ‎regular tiles and their walls do not have sound and heat insulators. In addition‏ ‎the classrooms lack proper ventilation, air conditioning, and heating systems.‏ ‎The study recommends forming a committee of educational and architectural‏ ‎experts to come up with higher standards of a suitable classroom. The‏ ‎recommended committee should work under the supervision of the secretary of‏ ‎education.‏ ‎Key words:Classrooms.Primary learning‏ .

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This study aimed to identify The degree of effectiveness the educational development‏ ‎project (ERFKE) in improving organizational performance at schools in jerash governorate‏ ‎from the point of view of principals. To achieve this goal the researchers developed the‏ ‎questionnaire which consisted of (29) items distributed into five domains they are; redirect‏ ‎educational policy, changing educational program and practice, supporting instructional‏ ‎infrastructure and development the readiness specially in early childhood stage. The validity‏ ‎and reliability of instrument were checked. The sample of the study consisted of (179( ‎principals were randomly chosen from Jerash governorate. The results of the study showed‏ ‎that the redirect educational policy domain cam in the first rank. But the supporting‏ ‎instructional infrastructure domain cam in the last rank. The results of the study also‏ ‎showed that there were significant statistically analysis in term of gender variable in favor of‏ ‎male. The study recommended that integration the principles of the knowledge economy in‏ ‎the educational institutions as well as supporting the educational project based on‏ ‎knowledge economy.‏ .

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The study aimed to identify degree of implementation of quality assurance standards for the field of community participation in school work and ways of developing them from educational supervisors view. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample study, which consisted of (64) educational supervisors purposely selected in the directorate of Education in Nablus. The results showed that the degree of application of quality assurance standards for the field of community participation in school work came highly arithmetic average (3.93) and standard deviation (0.46). There are no statistically significant differences on the level of significance(0.05=<)between the mean degree of implementation of quality assurance standards for the field of community participation in the school system from the viewpoint of whether the supervisors are attributable to the variable type, or to a qualified scientific or years of experience. The researcher recommended the need to work on activating the role of community participation in the development of school management in schools. And holding training courses and workshops competent planning according to quality assurance standards teachers and educational supervisors and principals. (Keywords: standards, quality assurance, community participation). .

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This study aims to identify the role of educational environment in developing creative thinking skills among the students at Jerash governorate from their teachers’ point of view. To achive this goal the researchers developed a questionnaire with (44) ‘tems distributed into five domains they are; school administration, teacher, curriculum, iearning resources and school activities. The instrument of the study was valid and reliable. The sample of the study consisted of (240) female and male teachers were chosen randomly from Jerash governorate school. Descriptive analysis and statical analysis such as ANOVA, Mean and Standard deviation were used. The results of the study showed that the domain that related to teacher ranked first in developing creative thinking skills among students. While the domain that related to curriculum ranked last. On the other hand, the results revealed that there were statistically analysis according to gender and specialization variables in favor of female and scientific specialization respectively. In light of the results, the researchers recommended that pay more attention to activities in various schools’ domains .

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The research aims to trace the school role in developing the skills of creative and critical thought and beyond the knowledge of the students in compulsory and secondary schools in Aleppo, Syria that is why the researcher used the analytical descriptive methodology, and concentrated on the "Questionnaire" tool which included two parts each of which included 13 chapters the first chapters included the scholastic real situation and thought development. The second chapter includes the school's role in applying thinking skills. The total number of objective samples was (100 male and female teachers) and consistency and stability were taken into consideration. The results showed that the high rate of supporter's answers concentrated on the roles of the teachers in schools in using different strategies in thinking skills and a variety of test tools, using technological teaching aids, providing suitable scholastic environment as wells as developing administration. Whereas the medium percentage of supporter's answers indicated the progression of the teaching process and refreshing the teacher's experiences. The low percentage, on the other hand, showed the lack in defining the teachers levels. The research also Suggested to train the trainers on the critical and creative thinking as well as beyond knowledge skills in curricula in order to direct them to achieve their future interests and plans .

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